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Definition
A wrench or spanner is a tool used to provide grip and mechanical advantage in applying torque to turn objects—usually rotary fasteners, such as nuts and bolts—or keep them from turning.
There are variety of spanners available in market, lets discuss some of them.
Types of Spanners
1. Single open ended spanner
A one piece wrench with U-shaped opening in only one side that grips two faces of the bolt or nut is called single open ended spanner. The ends are generally oriented at an angle of around 15 degree to the longitudinal axis of the handle that allows a greater range of movement in enclosed space foe flipping the wrench over.
2. Double open ended spanner
A one piece wrench with U-shaped opening in both sides of the tool that grips two faces of the bolt or nut is called double open ended spanner. The ends are generally oriented at an angle of around 15 degree to the longitudinal axis of the handle that allows a greater range of movement in enclosed space foe flipping the wrench over. Double open ended spanner generally comes with the different size opening in both the ends, that benefits the users for two sizes of application.
3. Ring Spanner
These wrenches have a closed loop at
both ends, sometimes slightly higher or lower than the handle to let it grip
recessed nuts without rounding the edges. The closed ends are designed to fit
either hexagonal or square bolts, and are different in size.
4. Adjustable spanner
More commonly referred to as a crescent wrench, these are one of the most popular wrenches available. They have an open end with a spiral screw embedded that opens or closes the crescent as you turn it.
For this reason, it can perform the same basic function as an entire set of combination or open-ended wrenches, although it requires more space due to its thicker size.
5. Combination Spanner
Combination spanners are double-ended tools. It has an open-ended profile on one end and a closed loop on the other end. The two heads are usually at a 15 degree angle to the shaft for better access to the nuts or bolts. This single tool serves the functions of two spanners at once.
6.Open ended slogging spanner
A slogging spanner has a thick end that is designed to be used with a hammer to tighten fasteners, such as nuts and bolts to a precise torque. Slogging spanner with one end U-type open in order to hold two faces of nut or bolt is called open ended slogging spanner
7. Slogging Ring Spanner
8. Box Spanner
9. Socket Spanner A socket wrench is a type of wrench that inserts into
a socket to turn a fastener, typically in the form of a nut or
bolt. The most prevalent form is the ratcheting socket wrench, often informally called a ratchet. A ratchet incorporates a reversible ratcheting mechanism which allows the user to pivot the tool back and forth to turn its socket instead of removing and repositioning a wrench to do so. 10. Lug Wrench A lug wrench is the name for a type
of socket wrench used to loosen and tighten lug nuts on automobile wheels.
Lug wrenches may be L-shaped, or X-shaped. The form commonly found in car
trunks is an L-shaped metal rod with a socket wrench on the bent end
and a prying tip on the other end. The prying tip is mainly intended to
remove hub caps or wheel covers that may be covering a wheel's lug
nuts. 11. Dog bone wrench Dog bone wrench is a traditional double-ended bicycle wrench with a selection of usually 10 sizes—five on each end—arranged in a ball form. The name so called is due to its shape of a bone. 12. Ratchet wrench  A wrench in which torque is applied in
one direction only by means of a ratchet mechanism, A ratchet wrench has
provided with a switching pin to activate the other direction of movement. 13. Torque Wrench A torque wrench is
a tool used to apply a specific torque to a fastener such
as a nut, bolt, or lag screw. It is usually in the form of
a socket wrench with special internal mechanisms. A torque wrench is used where the tightness of screws and
bolts is crucial. It allows the operator to set the torque applied to
the fastener so it can be matched to the specifications for a particular
application. This permits proper tension and loading of all
parts. A torque wrench uses torque as a proxy for bolt tension. The technique
suffers from inaccuracy due to inconsistent or un-calibrated friction between
the fastener and its mating hole. 14. Pipe Wrench A pipe wrench is any of several types of wrench that are designed to
turn threaded pipe and pipe
fittings for assembly (tightening) or
disassembly (loosening). Pipe wrenches are classified by the length of
the handle. They are generally available in any size from as small as 3 inches
(80 mm) up to 48 inches (1,200 mm) or larger. They are usually made
of cast steel. Today, aluminum
might be used to construct the body of the wrench, although the teeth and jaw
remain steel. 15. Alligator Wrench This "alligator" wrench
(so-called because of its shape, like an "alligator's mouth") was
used to turn iron and steel pipes and rods which could not be turned with a
regular wrench. A pipe fitter often used such a tool in fitting or removing air-
and water-piping from a locomotive. 16. Armorer's Wrench This single-piece wrench has a C-shaped, serrated head and may include square slots and/or a hole to attach a ratchet handle. Used for gun repair and maintenance, they are available in a range of designs and are usually sized to fit specific types or models of gun. 17. Basin Wrench A basin
wrench, sometimes called a sink wrench, is a plumbing tool
which is used in confined spaces to turn fasteners that would be difficult or
impossible to reach with a plumber wrench or other types of wrenches. For example, the threaded nuts used to secure faucets to sinks are
often located in deeply recessed places that can only be accessed with a basin
wrench. A basin wrench consists of a long shaft with a pair of
asymmetrical jaws at one end and a transverse handle at the other end. The two
jaws form an assembly in which the jaws are joined with a pivot pin. One of the
jaws is fixed relative to the shaft, and the other is curved and spring-loaded
relative to the fixed jaw so that it will automatically close and grip the
fastener. When the shaft is turned in the direction that causes the curved jaw
to trail the pivot pin, the jaws will increase their grip on the fastener as
shaft torque increases, thereby allowing the operator to apply torque to the
fastener without slippage. The transverse handle passes through a loosely
fitting hole in the shaft so that it can be shifted to conform to tight spaces
or to elongate it so as to increase leverage. The fixed jaw is attached to the shaft with a pivot pin so that
the entire jaw assembly can rotate about an axis perpendicular to the shaft.
This permits the jaws to be rotated over the end of the shaft so that they can
be "flipped" over, to allow the tool to be used to either tighten or
loosen a fastener. Mechanical stops limit this rotation to 180° so that when
the jaws assembly is resting at a stop, the jaws will be perpendicular to the
shaft and thus aligned to the fastener. When the shaft is held in a vertical orientation,
the jaws are automatically held against the stop by gravity. Basin wrenches are
available with both fixed-length and telescopic handles. 18. Bung Wrench The bung drum wrench is a tool which is commonly used to open large 55-gallon drums. When unopened, a large drum's contents may be under enormous pressure. If a drum is opened without the proper tools and precautions, the pressure may escape suddenly and violently, causing injury. 19. Cone Wrench A cone wrench or cone spanner is a tool used in bicycle assembly and maintenance to adjust the cones of cup and cone bearings. Cone wrenches are thinner and lighter than most other open ended wrenches that are used to work on bicycles. 20. Crow foot Wrench These curious open-ended wrenches have no handle. Instead, the single head is designed to attach to a ratchet handle and socket extension, allowing it to fit into very tight spaces. They work great for handling bolts located deeper on a machine’s body when you don’t want to remove nearby parts first. 21. Drum key Wrench A drum key is a tool with a square-shaped cutout designed to help you tighten and loosen the tension rods of a drum, applying more or less tension to the counter hoop, therefore tightening or loosening the drum head. 22. Tap Wrench This key fits the square drive of taps, which are used in cutting female threads (such as those inside a nut). The shape of these wrenches may be either T-shaped or a double-handled bar with the attachment socket in the middle. 23. Strap Wrench Most commonly seen in use for oil filter changing, these have a rubber, fabric, or metal band or chain that loops through a handle. This self-tightening tool works best on round objects that are too greasy or oily for a normal wrench to grip. 24. Impact Wrench More closely resembling a cordless drill in appearance, air impact wrenches use an air compressor while cordless impact wrenches use a rechargeable battery. The former are sometimes called air wrenches or air guns. Part of the socket family, this wrench can apply high torque to remove stubborn nuts or bolts. They are a great choice for handling multiple nuts (such as when mounting wheels on a car), although they are a poor choice for any job that requires precision. 25. Bionic Wrench No, this isn’t something out of The Six Million Dollar Man. It’s a specialty wrench that has a round opening and two handles similar to those of pliers. When placed around the target head, the two handles can be squeezed, causing the hole to tighten and grip the head firmly, making this an adjustable box-ended wrench. 26. Allen Key Also referred to as a hex key, this hexagonal piece of metal may be either L-shaped or T-shaped with the extra limb functioning as a handle. As a male-style wrench, this fits into the heads of screws and bolts that have a hexagonal recess. Allen wrench sets usually come in either SAE or Metric sizes. |
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